DIAGNOSTICS

Diagnosing leukemia involves a number of tests that help identify and evaluate the disease.

 

Here are the main diagnostic methods:

 

• Blood count

A blood count can assess the number and appearance of blood cells. In the case of leukemia, abnormalities in the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets are often observed.

• Bone marrow biopsy

A bone marrow biopsy involves taking a sample of bone marrow from the hip bone or breastbone. The sample is then analyzed under a microscope to detect the presence of cancer cells.

• Genetic testing

Genetic testing involves analyzing the genetic material of blood cells to detect genetic mutations that may be associated with leukemia. An example is analysis of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

• Imaging tests

Imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound may be used to assess the spread of disease and detect enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, or liver. They may also be used for differential diagnosis to eliminate other causes of discomfort or inappropriate diagnostic test results.

• Immunophenotypic studies

Immunophenotypic studies involve the analysis of proteins on the surface of blood cells using monoclonal antibodies. This allows for precise determination of the type of leukemia and its subtype.

• Cytochemical studies

Cytochemical tests involve staining blood cells with special dyes that react with specific enzymes in cancer cells. This helps identify the type of leukemia.

 

Diagnosing leukemia is a complicated process that requires the cooperation of many specialists. Early and accurate diagnosis of the disease is crucial for effective treatment and improving patient prognosis. Quickly performed diagnostics and exclusion of other causes of health problems allows for quick initiation of treatment and increases the chances of full recovery.